Kantian Ethics

Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory developed by German philosopher Immanuel Kant that is based on the notion that: "It is impossible to think of anything at all in the world, or indeed even beyond it, that could be considered good without limitation except a good will." The theory was developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, stating that an action can only be good if its maxim − the principle behind it − is duty to the moral law, and arises from a sense of duty in the actor.

Central to Kant's construction of moral law is the Categorical Imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires.  In essence, Kant is trying to save us from vulgar forms of consequentialism. The Categorical Imperative specifically denies us the right to practice a ‘calculus of utility’, because if you are prepared to do wrong, just so long as the consequences are acceptable, then indeed you’re prepared to do wrong.